What the heck is Vascular Dementia?

Vascular dementia is a type of dementia caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, leading to damage in cognitive functions. It is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease.

Vascular dementia results from problems with blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the brain. The most common cause is stroke, which can damage brain tissue and lead to cognitive impairment.

Risk factors for vascular dementia are often related to conditions that affect blood vessels, including hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and heart disease.

The symptoms of vascular dementia can vary, depending on the location and extent of the brain damage. Common symptoms include memory loss, difficulty with organization and planning, confusion, speech difficulties, and problems with attention and concentration.

Vascular dementia may have a sudden or gradual onset, depending on the cause. It can progress in a step-like manner, with periods of stability followed by sudden declines, especially after additional strokes. Vascular dementia differs from Alzheimer’s disease in this way: while those with Alzheimer’s disease experience a steady and predictable progression of symptoms, those with Vascular dementia can maintain a level of functioning for months or years and then experience a sharp, sudden decline. Unfortunately, it is possible to develop both Alzheimer's disease and Vascular dementia, often referred to as a mixed dementia.

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, neurological exams, cognitive assessments, and imaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans) to identify evidence of vascular damage in the brain. There is no cure for vascular dementia, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and addressing underlying conditions. Medications to control blood pressure and prevent blood clots may be prescribed.

Managing and controlling cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol levels, can help reduce the risk of developing vascular dementia. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, as well as ensuring optimal mental health, is also beneficial.

If you or a loved one are worried about the possibility of Vascular dementia, click here or call our office at 443-746-3698 to start the conversation.